How to Grow Chickpea in India- Farming Process

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By Priya SinghUpdated On: 05-Dec-2023 01:09 PM

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Englishहिन्दीमराठीਪੰਜਾਬੀதமிழ்తెలుగు

ByPriya Singh |Updated On: 05-Dec-2023 01:09 PM

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Chickpeas are a staple in Indian cuisine and a crucial crop for farmers across the country. In this article, we will explore the Chickpeas farming process in India, providing a step-by-step guide for farmers to cultivate chickpeas successfully.

Chickpea, scientifically known as Cicer arietinum, is a prominent Rabi Crop cultivated in India, with a sowing season between October and November. Commonly referred to as 'chana' or 'gram,' chickpeas are cool-season legumes that grow in temperatures between 70-80 degrees Fahrenheit.

Chickpea farming is a vital agriculture practice in India, contributing significantly to the country’s economy and food security. This versatile crop plays a vital role in Indian agriculture, encompassing 35-40 per cent of the pulse cultivation area and contributing nearly 50 per cent to the total pulse production in the country.

Chickpeas are a staple in Indian cuisine and one of the main crops for farmers across the country. Chickpeas have become a part of Indian agriculture and diet. In this article, we will explore the Chickpeas farming process in India, providing a step-by-step guide for farmers to cultivate chickpeas successfully.

Chickpea Plant Characteristics and its Benefits

The chickpea plant is bushy, reaching lengths of up to 18 inches. It features small, feathery leaves on either side of the stem, with a height ranging from 20 to 50 cm. Known for its adaptability, chickpeas flourish in diverse climates, making them a crucial crop for farmers across India.

Chickpeas boast a nutritional value that increases their demand. With approximately 21 per cent protein, 61.5 per cent carbohydrates, and 4.5 per cent fat, chickpeas provide a wholesome dietary option. Additionally, they are rich in calcium and iron and have medicinal effects, including blood purification.

Additionally, chickpeas play a crucial role in crop rotation, enhancing soil fertility and sustainability in agricultural practices.

Choosing the Right Varieties

Before growing the chickpea, it is essential to select the right variety based on your region's climate and soil conditions. India primarily cultivates two main types of chickpeas: desi and kabuli. Consult with local agricultural experts to identify the most suitable chickpea variety for your specific location.

Desi Chana: This widely consumed variety in India has small, darker seeds with a rough coat and a nutty flavour. Desi chana comes in black and green colour. It is often peeled and split to produce chana dal.

Kabuli Chana: It is lighter in colour, larger in size, and smoother coat. Kabuli chana is another popular variety. It is commonly used in dishes like salads and is a staple in international cuisine.

Chickpea Hybrid Varieties are ICCV-2, ICCV-37, ICCV-4, KWR-108, Pusa-319, Vijay, Pusa-240, Haryana chana-1, Chana-1, GNG-469, L-550.

Preparing the Soil

Proper soil preparation is crucial for successful chickpea cultivation. Chickpeas flourish in well-drained, loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. Adequate soil preparation is crucial for successful chickpea cultivation.

Before starting cultivation, clear the land from debris, rocks, and weeds to create a clean growing environment for chickpeas. Begin by ploughing the field to a depth of 8-10 inches to ensure proper aeration and root development.

Incorporate well-rotted organic matter, such as compost or farmyard manure, into the soil to enhance its fertility. Level the field for uniform water distribution during irrigation.

Also Read: Green Peas Farming: A Comprehensive Guide

Sowing Chickpea Seeds

The optimal time for sowing chickpeas in India is from October to November for the Rabi season. Select high-quality seeds from reliable sources to ensure a healthy and robust crop. Maintain row-to-row spacing of 30-45 cm and plant-to-plant spacing of 10-15 cm.

Sow seeds at a depth of 3-5 cm. The recommended seed rate is 60 to 80 kg per hectare, depending on the chickpea variety. Treat seeds with fungicides to protect against seed-borne diseases. This enhances germination rates and overall plant health.

Consider intercropping chickpeas with compatible crops like wheat or barley to maximize land utilization. Practice crop rotation to minimize disease and pest buildup.

Watering and Irrigation

Chickpeas require adequate and timely irrigation for optimal growth and development, especially during their critical growth stages. Ensure proper water supply throughout the crop cycle.

Adequate moisture is crucial for germination and the development of healthy plants. Depending on the soil type and climatic conditions, adopt an irrigation schedule that provides sufficient moisture without causing waterlogging. Drip irrigation or furrow irrigation methods are commonly employed for chickpea cultivation.

Typically, one irrigation is provided at the pre-flowering stage, and another at the pod development stage if winter rains are insufficient. It's important to avoid irrigating during the flowering stage, as this can negatively impact chickpea yields.

Excessive irrigation is also avoided, as it promotes vegetative growth at the expense of yield. Therefore, a cautious approach, with light irrigation, is recommended to optimize chickpea production.

Fertilization

Chickpeas have moderate fertility requirements, and farmers can meet these needs by applying balanced fertilizers. Before sowing, incorporate a dose of fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Additional doses of nitrogen can be applied during the flowering stage to support plant growth. Regular soil testing is recommended for fertilization practices to the specific nutrient needs of the soil.

Pest and Disease Management

Chickpea crops are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including gram pod borer, wilt, and blight. Implement integrated pest management (IPM) practices to control pests effectively. This may involve the use of biopesticides, crop rotation, and maintaining proper field hygiene.

Disease-resistant chickpea varieties are also available, providing an additional layer of protection against common ailments.

Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling

Chickpeas are typically ready for harvest 100 to 120 days after sowing, depending on the variety and environmental conditions. Harvesting involves uprooting the entire plant and drying the pods before threshing to obtain the seeds.

Harvest when the plants have turned yellow, and the pods are dry and rattling. Use mechanical harvesters or manually pick the pods, ensuring minimal damage to the plants. After harvesting, dry the chickpeas to reduce moisture content, preventing mould and spoilage during storage.

The yield per hectare can vary based on factors such as climate, soil, and farming practices but is generally rewarding. Remember, successful chickpea farming involves a combination of scientific knowledge, practical skills, and dedication. By following these guidelines, you can cultivate healthy chickpea crops.

Profit Per Acre from Chickpea Farming

Chickpeas, also known as Bengal gram or chana, belong to the family Fabaceae. They are widely cultivated and offer various health benefits.

On average, a farmer can obtain around 8 quintals of chickpea crop per acre. Selling at the market rate (e.g., Rs. 3,325 per quintal), the total income from 1 acre of chickpea cultivation can be approximately Rs. 26,600.

Health Benefits of Chickpeas

Appetite Control

The protein and fibre in chickpeas work together to slow digestion, promoting a feeling of fullness. Studies suggest that consuming chickpeas can lead to reduced appetite and calorie intake.

Blood Sugar Management

Chickpeas have a low glycemic index (GI), which helps regulate blood sugar levels. The combination of fiber and protein in chickpeas helps regulate blood sugar levels, making them a valuable food for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing the condition.

Heart Health

Their high fiber content supports heart health by reducing cholesterol levels. Additionally, chickpeas contain potassium, which supports healthy blood pressure levels.

Weight Management

The filling effects of protein and fibre may automatically lower calorie intake.

Vegetarian Protein Source

Chickpeas are an excellent replacement for meat in vegetarian and vegan dishes.

Antioxidant Properties

Chickpeas contain antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. This may contribute to a lower risk of chronic diseases and support overall health.

Uses Of Chickpeas

Chickpeas are incredibly versatile and can be incorporated into a variety of dishes, adding both flavour and nutrition. Here are some popular uses of chickpeas:

Roasted Snack: Toss chickpeas with olive oil and your favorite spices, then roast them for a crunchy and satisfying snack.

Chickpea Flour: Ground chickpeas can be used to make chickpea flour, a gluten-free alternative to baking. It's used in recipes for pancakes, and flatbreads, and even as a thickening agent in soups and stews.

Hummus: A classic Middle Eastern dip made from chickpeas, tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, and garlic. Hummus is a nutritious and delicious spread of bread or vegetables.

Salads: Chickpeas can be added to salads for an extra boost of protein and fibre. They pair well with fresh vegetables, herbs, etc.

Curries: Chickpeas are a common ingredient in various cuisines and work well in dishes like curries. They absorb flavours well and add a satisfying texture.

Also Read: Grape Production in India

Conclusion

Cultivating chickpeas in India can be a profitable Rabi crop, contributing to both the farmer's livelihood and the nation's food security. By following these steps on soil preparation, seed selection, irrigation, fertilization, and pest management, farmers can enhance the productivity and quality of their chickpea crops.

Chickpeas are not only a delicious and versatile addition to various dishes but also offer many health benefits. From promoting heart health to aiding in weight loss, the nutritional profile of chickpeas makes them a valuable component of a balanced diet. Whether enjoyed in salads, curries, or as a snack, chickpeas provide a tasty way to support overall well-being.