Prawns Farming In India: A Comprehensive Guide

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By Priya SinghUpdated On: 29-Nov-2023 11:47 AM

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ByPriya Singh |Updated On: 29-Nov-2023 11:47 AM

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3,349 Views

Prawn farming involves cultivating prawns in artificially manufactured ponds or tanks. This article will provide in-depth information on Prawn farming in India, including farming techniques, potential benefits, market opportunities, and sustainability.

Prawn farming, also known as Shrimp farming, has gained significant traction in India as a profitable venture in India's aquaculture industry. With a growing demand for high-quality seafood, freshwater prawn farming in tanks has emerged as an innovative solution to meet consumer needs while providing a profitable business opportunity for aquaculturists.

India, with its large coastline and suitable climatic conditions, provides an ideal habitat for prawn growth. This article will provide in-depth information on prawn farming in India, including farming techniques, potential benefits, market opportunities, and sustainability.

Prawns Farming In India

Prawn farming in India is the growing of prawns in artificially built ponds or tanks. It is a highly successful business that has grown very fast as the demand for prawns has increased both domestically and abroad. Prawn farming involves cultivating prawns in artificially created ponds or tanks.

It’s a rewarding venture that can yield substantial profits when done right with the right selection of species. With its enormous natural resources, India has emerged as a key participant in prawn farming.

Also Read: Sericulture: From Silkworm to Silk

Selecting the Right Species for Prawns Farming

There are various types of prawns available worldwide. Cultured prawns are mostly edible, while some saltwater varieties are not. Freshwater prawns are larger in size compared to marine and brackish water species.

Freshwater prawn farming involves the cultivation of prawns in controlled environments such as tanks, ponds, or other artificial water bodies. In India, the practice has gained popularity due to several factors, including the availability of suitable land, favourable climate conditions, and the increasing demand for prawn-based products. The demand for both freshwater and saltwater prawns remains high in local and global markets.

Setting Up a Prawn Farm

Choose suitable land or water bodies for your prawn farm. Freshwater prawn farming can be done in tropical and sub-tropical regions with natural water resources like reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and irrigation systems.

Saltwater prawn farming (also known as marine prawn farming) is suitable for coastal regions near sea waters. Setting up tanks for prawn farming requires planning and consideration of various factors. Tank size, water quality, and proper aeration systems are crucial elements that impact the success of prawn cultivation.

Tanks should be designed to mimic natural prawn habitats, providing sufficient space for prawns to grow and flourish. Prepare the ponds by ensuring proper soil quality, water availability, and drainage. Maintain water quality through regular monitoring and management practices.

Tank-based systems allow farmers to be closer to their markets. By offering fresh shrimp directly to consumers, they reduce reliance on cold chain middlemen.

Water Quality Management for Prawns Farming

Maintaining optimal water quality is essential for successful prawn farming in India. Water exchange and filtration systems should be in place to ensure a healthy environment for prawn growth. Regular monitoring of water parameters such as temperature, pH levels, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia levels is crucial.

Prawn Species for Prawns Farming in India

Several prawn species are suitable for freshwater farming in India. Giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian river prawns (Macrobrachium malcolmsonii) are among the commonly cultivated species. These species are chosen for their adaptability to varying environmental conditions and their ability to thrive in tank-based aquaculture systems.

The Indian white prawn is a popular species for aquaculture in India. It grows and flourish in both freshwater and brackish water environments. It is known for its delicious taste and high market demand, it’s a preferred choice for prawn farming.

Indian White shrimp is native to the Indian Ocean and is an indigenous species for farming in the region. Indian White shrimp is farmed in various coastal regions of India.

Black Tiger shrimp is another important species farmed in India. It is known for its robust flavour and large size. However, it grows relatively slower than Vannamei shrimp. Black Tiger shrimp farming is practised in states like West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala.

Feeding and Nutrition for Prawns Growth

Proper nutrition is vital for the growth and development of prawns. Commercially available prawn feeds, formulated to meet the dietary requirements of the species, are commonly used. Additionally, supplementing the diet with natural sources such as plankton and organic matter enhances the overall nutritional profile of prawns.

Always provide a balanced and nutritious diet to promote rapid growth. Establish a regular feeding schedule, adjusting quantities based on prawn size and pond conditions.

Prawn Cultivation Techniques Used in Prwan Farming In India

Prawn cultivation involves several techniques to ensure optimal growth and yield. Intensive farming methods and extensive farming methods are two common approaches. In Intensive farming methods, prawns are stocked at higher densities and extensive farming methods involve lower stocking densities.

Freshwater prawns are commonly cultivated in both monoculture and polyculture systems. In monoculture, production levels of 750-1,500 kg prawns per hectare over 8 months can be achieved.

Polyculture with Indian Major Carp and Chinese carp can yield approximately 400 kg of prawns and 3,000 kg carps per hectare per year. Farmers choose the technique based on factors like available resources, investment capacity, and market demands.

Challenges in Prawn Farming

Prawn farming in India faces challenges such as disease outbreaks, environmental concerns, and market fluctuations. Sustainable and responsible farming practices, including the use of probiotics, biosecurity measures, and proper pond management, are crucial for the success of prawn farming.

Prawn cultivation, when done sustainably and with proper management practices, can contribute significantly to food security and economic development in many regions.

Also Read: Banana Farming In India: A Comprehensive Guide To Banana Farm, Plantation, And Varieties

Prawn Farming Business Opportunity

Prawn farming in India presents a promising business opportunity with the right combination of species selection, farming techniques, and market awareness. Prawn farming in India has the potential to be a profitable business venture.

Entrepreneurs interested in prawn farming should conduct thorough market research, create a detailed business plan, and consider factors such as investment costs, operational expenses, and marketing strategies.

To capitalize on market trends, farmers should focus on producing high-quality prawns, adopting certifications for sustainable practices, and staying updated about global market preferences. Government support and subsidies for aquaculture can also be explored to facilitate business establishment.

Conclusion

Freshwater prawn farming in tanks holds immense potential for addressing the growing demand for high-quality seafood in India. With proper planning, efficient management practices, and a focus on sustainability, prawn farming can be a profitable business.

Successful prawn cultivation requires careful consideration of various factors, including water quality, pond preparation, stocking density, nutrition, and disease management.